E 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tse thabisang le tse sitisang basali ba bakhachane ke ho hlahloba bakhachane pelehi. 'Me ka ho khetheha tšabo bo-'mè ba lebelloang ke ho hlahloba bobeli ba bobeli ba bokhachane. Bakeng sa seo se se hlokang le hore na ke habohlokoa ho tšoha - re tla sekaseka sehloohong sa rona.
Ke mang ea kotsing?
Ho khothaletso ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo ho hlahloba bokhachane pele ho bokhachane ho etsoang Russia ke bakhachane bohle. Phuputso e tlamehang ho etsoa bakeng sa basali ba nang le lintlha tse latelang tse kotsi:
- ba lilemo tse fetang 35;
- ho ba teng lelapeng la ngoana ea nang le lefu la chromosomal;
- lenyalo pakeng tsa beng ka eena;
- lithethefatsi li-trimester tsa pele li hanyetsane ka bokhachane;
- tšoso ea nako e telele ea ho felisoa ha bokhachane;
- ho senyeha ha makhetlo a mabeli kapa ho feta;
- ho felisoa ha molekane oa e mong oa banyalani pele a emoloa.
Ho shebella ho ima - nako le tlhahlobo
Hangata tlhahlobo ea bokhachane pele ho bokhachane e etsoa ka makhetlo a mabeli: ka 10-13 le libeke tse 16-19. Sepheo sa sona ke ho lemoha hore na ho na le mafu a mangata a bakoang ke chromosomal:
- Trisomy ea chromosome ea 21 (Down syndrome);
- Trisomy ea chromosome ea 18 (lefu la Edwards);
- sekoli sa neural tube ea lesea (lesapo la mokokotlo le se-proliferation).
Ho hlahloba ho na le mehato e latelang: ultrasound, tlhahlobo ea mali, tlhaloso ea data. Sethaleng sa ho qetela ke sa bohlokoa haholo: hore na ngaka e hlahloba boemo ba lesea la ngoana hantle hakae, ha hoa itšetleha feela ka bokamoso ba lesea, empa hape le boemo ba kelello ba mosali ea moimana.
Tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea bokhachane ke pele ho tsohle, ho thoeng ke teko ea makhetlo a mararo, tlhahlobo ea mali ea mali, e etsang qeto ea ho ba le lits'ebetso tse tharo:
- alpha-fetoprotein (AFP);
- kakaretso hCG;
- esterol e mahala (E3).
Ho itšetlehile ka boemo ba lits'ebetso tsena maling a 'mè oa ka moso, ba bua ka kotsi ea ho hlahisa mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso.
| Pefo | AFP | E3 | HCG |
|---|---|---|---|
| Down syndrome (trisomy 21) | E tlaase | E tlaase | E phahameng |
| Bothata ba Edwards (trisomy 18) | E tlaase | E tlaase | E tlaase |
| Bokooa ba methapo ea methapo | E phahameng | E tloaelehileng | E tloaelehileng |
Tlhahlobo ea bobeli nakong ea bokhachane e boetse e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea ultrasound e khethehileng e tla hlahloba ka botlalo lesea le entsoeng, litho tsa eona, litho tsa ka hare, ho hlahloba boemo ba placenta le amniotic fluid. Nako ea tlhahlobo ea bobeli bakeng sa bokhachane ba tlhahlobo ea mali ea ultrasound le ea lik'hemik'hale tsa mali ha e lumellane le: lisebelisoa ke tse ngata ho feta pakeng tsa libeke tse 20 le tse 24, 'me nako e nepahetseng bakeng sa teko ea boraro ke libeke tse 16-19.
A re boneng lipalo
Ka bomalimabe, hase lingaka tsohle tse hlalosang liphello tsa teko ea boraro ho bo-'mè ba tlang. Tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea boimana, lintlha tse latelang ke tsa tlhaho:
- AFP libeke tse 15-19 tsa bosoane - 15-95 U / ml le libeke tse 20-24 - 27-125 U / ml.
- HCG ka bekeng ea 15-25 ea bokhachane - 10000-35000 mU / ml.
- Estriol mahala ho libeke tse 17-18 - 6,6-25,0 nmol / l, libeke tse 19-20 - 7,5-28,0 nmol / l le libeke tse 21-22 - 12,0-41,0 nmol / l.
Haeba lipontšo li le meeling e tloaelehileng, joale ngoana o tla phela hantle. U se ke ua khathatseha haeba lipalo lipotsong tsa liteko li fetela ka holimo ho meeli ea tloaelo: tlhahlobo ea boraro hangata e "phoso". Ho phaella moo, ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a amang ka ho teba liphello tsa lipatlisiso tsa likokoana-hloko:
- multiple pregnancy;
- IVF;
- boima ba mosali ea nang le moimana (ka basali ba feletseng, li-indices li eketseha, ha li theoleloa, li theoleloa);
- mekhoa e mebe (ho tsuba nakong ea bokhachane);
- lefu la tsoekere la basali ba nang le bakhachane;
- tlhaloso e fosahetseng ea lilemo tsa botšehali.
Ho lemoha hore ho ka etsahala hore motho a se ke a tšoaroa ke lesea la hae. Ha ho ngaka e nang le tokelo ea ho hlahlojoa, ho se ke ha e-ba joalo ho sitisa ho ima, motheong oa ho hlahloba. Liphello tsa lithuto li lumella feela ho hlahloba kotsi ea ho ba le ngoana ea nang le bothata ba congenital. Basali ba nang le kotsing e kholo ba beha liteko tse eketsehileng (lintlha tse qaqileng tsa ultrasound, amniocentesis, cordocentesis).