Ho ata ha likokoana-hloko tsa lisele tse sebakeng sefe kapa sefe sa letlalo, ho kopanyelletsa le letlalo la sefahleho le hlooho, ho bitsoa li-neoplasms. Li-pooplasms li fapana ka tekanyo ea lisele tse arohaneng, bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le litho tse ling le lymph nodes, hape li baka botahoa le mokhathala ka liphello tse bolaeang tse latelang. Ho itšetlehile ka neoplasme ena letlalong le ka aroloa ka mefuta e latelang:
- e hloekile;
- e kotsi;
- moeli.
Bonyane ea neoplasme ea letlalo
Tsena li kenyelletsa:
- li-warts le li-warts;
- nevi (birthmarks le birthmarks);
- li-papillomas;
- lisele tse tsoang liphatsong tsa lefutso: li-syring (tse tsoang ka mofufutso), adenomas le atheromas (ho tloha ho sebaceous);
- hemangiomas le lymphangiomas (ho tsoa mali le lijana tsa lymphatic);
- lihlahisoa tse tsoang mefuteng e fapaneng ea lisele: li-fibromas (ho tloha ho connective), leiomyomas (ho tloha mesifa), lipomas (ho tloha mafura);
- lisele tse nang le methapo ea kutlo ea methapo ea methapo le likhoele, le tse ling.
Li-warts, li-warts le li-papilloma li bakoa ke papillomavirus ea motho. Mefuta e meng ea li-papilloma e hlaha ka ho ruruha ho sa foleng ha letlalo le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Litsela ke tsa congenital kapa tse fumanoeng, tse hlahang lilemong leha e le life.
Bothata ba bonyane ba letlalo bo ka hlaha ka likotsi, X-rays le tlhahiso ea letsatsi, ha li pepese letlalo la lintho tse mabifi, le mafu a nakoana a letlalo a nako e telele. Hase karolo e nyenyane e bapaloang ke lefa. Lihlopha tsa hlahala e nang le lefuba li na le phapang e khōlō, khōlo e lieha, ha ho na tsoele pele ho mela ka har'a mahlahahlaha a haufi.
Ho moeli oa meeli (precancerous) neoplasms eo ho ka khonehang ho e jara:
- cutaneous horn;
- senile keratosis;
- pigment xeroderma;
- keratoacanthoma;
- pigment ka moeli.
Ha lisele tsa moeli li lokela ho qojoa nako e telele letsatsing le se nang tšireletso ea letlalo, kenyeletsa phello ea lintho tse mabifi letlalong, mo thibele kotsi. Hape hoa hlokahala ho hlahloba ka hloko mekhoa ena, haeba ho se na potso ea phekolo ea kalafo ea kapele. Ka kakaretso, lisele tsa letlalo tse nang le bonyane le tse hlollang li lokela ho tlosoa (haholo-holo bakeng sa li-pele-kankere tse ntseng li hōla), hobane kamehla ho na le kotsi ea ho hlaseloa ke kankere ea kankere.
Phofo e kotsi ea letlalo
Sefuba se kotsi ka ho fetisisa ke kankere ea melanoma. Ntho e ka sehloohong e tsepamisitsoeng ke letlalo. Hangata melanoma e thehoa ho tswa ho pigment nevus ka mahlomola a eona, ho senya ho feteletseng. Sefuba ke sephara se nang le meeli e sa tloaelehang kapa sebopeho sa mofuta oa nevus se nang le holim'a metsi a koahetsoeng ke li-crusts tsa mali. Thuto e ntse e eketseha ka boholo 'me ka potlako e fana ka metastases. Ho hlahlojoa ha melanoma ho etsoa ka thuso ea phosphorus ea radioactive, e kenang ka har'a hlahala ka makhetlo a 10 ho feta lithong tse phetseng hantle, ho sebelisa li-cytological smears-prints, tlhahlobo ea hae ea lengolo.
Li-neoplasms tse kotsi tsa letlalo li boetse li kenyelletsa basal cell le epithelioma (squamous cell carcinoma). Basaloma ke maqhubu a bosoeu a koahetsoeng ka mokokotlo. E ikhethang ke hore ka mor'a lilemo tse 'maloa e fetoha squamous cell carcinoma ea letlalo. Epithelioma e matla haholo ho feta basal cell, e potlakela ho fana ka metastase ho lymph node, ka mor'a moo boemo ba mokuli bo ntse bo mpefala kapele. Lefu le tsoa ho tsoa mali nakong ea ho bolaoa ke hlahala, ho noa joala le ho khathala ka kakaretso ea 'mele.
Ho lemoha ha neoplasme ea letlalo
Bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa le ho khetholloa ha lihlahala tsa letlalo, mekhoa e latelang e sebelisoa:
- tlhahlobo le lipallo;
- mokhoa oa thermometric;
- thuto ea radioisotope;
- phuputso ea morphological (cytology, histology);
- tlhahlobo ea lymph nodes tsa libaka;
- ho hlahlojoa ke laboratori le mekhoa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lihlopha ho tlosa metastases ho litho tse ling, joalo-joalo.
Phekolo ea moriana oa letlalo
Ha a khetha mokhoa oa phekolo, ngaka e nahanela mofuta oa hlahala, sebaka sa eona, sethaleng, sebopeho sa hae sa hae, maemo a liphatsa tse potolohileng. Mekhoa e latelang e sebelisoa:
- ho buuoa ha li-neoplasms tsa letlalo, ho akarelletsa le laser le cryogenic;
- phekolo ea mahlaseli;
- chemotherapy;
- ho kopantsoe.
Habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, hang ha ho khoneha, e-ea ho ngaka ho ea kalafo ea nako e loketseng, e tla lumella motho hore a boloke bophelo.