Tlhaloso ea boko ke e 'ngoe ea likotsi tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa, ha li ntse li e-ba tloaelehileng, ho kenyeletsa le batho ba lilemong tse bohareng. Tlhaselo ea lefu lena e ikemiselitse haholo ka nako ea ho fana ka tlhokomelo ea bongaka e tšoanelehang le tlhokomelo e latelang ea mokuli.
Bothata ba ho phalla ha pelo - ke eng?
Lefu lena le potsoeng ke lefu la sepetlele le matla, le bontšoang ke mosebetsi oa bokooa bo holofetseng ka lebaka la ho khaotsa ho tšeloa mali ho mafapha a eona. Sebaka sa sebakeng sa heno le boholo ba sefofane sena se ka fapana. Ha mali a sa fihle liphatsong tsa boko, ho sa tsotellehe hore na mohato o susumetsa hakae, hypoxia (oksijene ea tlala) le mathata a mang a ts'ebetso ea metabolism, liphetoho tsa pathobiochemical, lia hlokomeloa. Ts'ebetso ena, e bitsoang "ho senyeha ha keik'hemik'hale", e lebisa tšenyo e ke keng ea qojoa ho li-neurone tse anngoeng ke lefu le lefu la tsona-e leng ho fokotseha.
Ha bothata ba kelello bo ntse bo e-ba teng, ho na le libaka tse potolohileng li-necrosis foci, moo tšollo ea mali e ferekanyang, empa ha e e-s'o finyelle boemo bo boima ("penumbra ischemic"). Sebakeng sena, li-neurone ha li e-s'o be le liphetoho tsa morphological, 'me ka nakoana li boloka ts'ebetso ea tsona. Haeba phekolo e qala ka nako (pele ho feta lihora tse 3-6 ka mor'a tlhaselo), tšelo ea mali e tloaelehile, methapo ea methapo e tsosolosoa. Ha ho se na phekolo, lisele tsena li boetse li qala ho shoa.
Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa lefu la masapo le lefu la masapo?
Ba bangata ba thahasella hore na maikutlo a "cerebral infarction" le "stroke" a lekana, phapang ke eng pakeng tsa bona. Mantsoe a reng "ho hlekefetsa" meriana, e bolelang li-necroseis ka lebaka la khaello ea mali, e sebetsa ho litho tse ngata, empa "ho otloa" ho bolela ntho e le 'ngoe, empa ke bokong feela. Phapang ena ea likhopolo e nkoa e le ho qoba ho ferekanngoa, ka hona ho ba le pherekano ea ho phalla le ho otloa ha boko ke lipolelo.
Bothata ba tšoaetso ea bokhoni ba boko - ke eng?
Hoo e ka bang karolo ea mashome a mabeli lekholong ea linyeoe tse hlahisang lacunar cerebral infarction, tse khetholloang ke ho shebahala ka mokhoa o monyenyane oa likokoana-hloko meleng e tebileng ea li-hemispheres kapa sebakeng sa trunk. Boholo bo boholo ba lisele tse amehang ke 1.5-2 cm bophara. Hangata mafu a bakoa ke ho hlōloa ha methapo e meholo e fepa libaka tsena tsa boko. Ka mor'a moo, sebakeng sa liphatsa tse shoeleng, ho entsoe cyst, e tletse cerebrospinal fluid. Thuto e joalo, ka molao, ha e kotsi ebile ha e tsose mathata a bohlokoa.
Ho teba ho hoholo ha masapo
Ha ho na le bothata bo bongata ba masapo a moriana bo fumanoang, sena se bolela hore liphetoho tse bakoang ke likokoana-hloko li ama likarolo tse kholo tsa lefu la masapo ka lebaka la ho khaotsa ho tsoa ha mali ho e 'ngoe ea methapo ea carotid. Ho itšetlehile ka hore na ke efe ea li-hemispheres e amehang (ka ho le letšehali kapa ka ho le letona), tšoaetso e joalo ea masapo e na le liphello tse sa tšoaneng. Maemong a mangata, ho buuoa ha mofuta ona oa ho kula ho ke ke ha khoneha.
Bothata ba ho pholletsa le bongobo - lisosa
Bothata ba ho ba le lefu la pelo bo amanang le lefu la masapo a masapo hangata ha le hlahe ka tšohanyetso, ka nako e ts'oanang, empa le hlaha butle-butle ha ho na le maloetse a mang le maemo a mangata. Ho kenngoa ha likepe tsa cerebral ho ka tsosa:
- thrombi (li-blood clots);
- ho senya li-platex tsa atherosclerotic;
- likhechana tsa lihlahala tse senyehileng;
- ho kopana ha moea o entsoeng ka methapo;
- bohobe bo nonneng.
Ho phaella moo, lefu la tšollo ea mali le ka etsahala ha botšepehi ba likepe bo tlōloa kapa ka lebaka la ho qeta nako e telele. Hangata mabaka a bakoang ke:
- khatello ea kelello ;
- atherosclerosis;
- rheumatic endocarditis ;
- lefu la pelo la kelello ;
- ho hlōleha ha pelo ho tsamaisana le khatello e fokotsehileng
- mafura a atrial;
- migraine;
- lefu la tsoekere;
- mafu a hematological;
- pathology ea ntlafatso ea vascular;
- likokoana-hloko tse sepakapakeng;
- osteochondrosis ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo;
- boima ba 'mele bo feteletseng;
- khatello ea maikutlo;
- ho sebelisa joala hampe;
- ho tsuba;
- ho hloka botsitso;
- ho laola 'mele, joalo-joalo.
Tšebetso ea boko - matšoao le liphello
Ho na le bothata ba ho senya matšoao a matšoafo, empa ho na le litsi e kholo, setšoantšo sa kliniki se bitsoa, 'me liphello ha li kenyelelle phello e bolaeang ka liphesente tse mashome a mane tsa bahlaseluoa. Haeba thuso e fanoa ka nako e loketseng, menyetla ea sepheo se setle se ntle.
Tlhaloso ea boko - matšoao
Ka lefu la ho fokola ha masapo, ka linako tse ling matšoao a tšoantša, a hlaha ho bakuli ba bangata hoseng kapa bosiu ka lihora tse 'maloa esita le matsatsi pele ho tlhaselo. Hangata sena ke:
- ho ba le botenya bo tebileng bo tsamaeang le ho fifala mahlong;
- ho senyeha karolong efe kapa efe ea karolo e ka holimo kapa e ka tlase;
- khathatso ea nakoana ea puo.
Re thathamisa matšoao a maholo a lefu la masapo, ao tse ling tsa tsona li hlokomelisoang ho sena kapa mofuta ona oa mafu:
- tahlehelo ea tsebo;
- ho hlatsa, ho hlatsa;
- hlooho;
- mocheso oa tšohanyetso;
- ho tepella;
- bofokoli bo matla;
- litšitiso tsa puo;
- ho se bone hantle;
- boikutlo ba ho se utloe;
- ho se tšoanelehe maikutlong;
- ho lahleheloa ke kutloelo-bohloko maotong;
- tahlehelo ea mohopolo;
- mehato e sa laoleheng;
- sefahleho se omeletsoeng ka lehlakore le leng, joalo-joalo.
Tlhaloso ea boko - liphello
Ho fumanoa ka "cerebral infarction" ho ka lebisa mefuteng e mengata e mengata, e leng e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa:
- pneumonia ea congestive;
- thromboembolism ea methapo ea pulmonary;
- ho hloleha ha pelo;
- edema ea boko;
- liso tsa khatello;
- ho sisinyeha;
- tlōlo ea puo, pono, ho utloa;
- ho senyeha ha kelello;
- ho tšoaroa ke lefu la sethoathoa;
- ho etsa joalo;
- ho lahleheloa ke hlooho
Bothata ba ho kenngoa ha bokhachane - phekolo
Haeba pontšo e fumanoa ho motho ea haufi e ka bontšang hore o na le lefu la ho fokola ha pelo, u lokela ho bitsa lingaka hang-hang 'me u fe thuso ea pele thuso:
- beha mokuli mokokotlo oa hae, a beha mochini o monyenyane lehetleng, mahetleng le hlooho;
- ho tlosa liaparo tse pshatlang, lisebelisoa;
- fana ka moea o hloekileng;
- ha u hlatsa - furalla hlooho ea hao ka lehlakoreng le leng, hloekisa meea ea mahlatsi;
- ho lekanya khatello ea mali.
Bakuli ba fumanoang ba e-na le lefu la ho fokola ha masapo ba tšoaroa ka litsela tse latelang tsa motheo:
- tloaelo ea mesebetsi ea ho hema;
- ho tsitsisa ts'ebetso ea pelo;
- thibelo ea mali;
- taolo ea tekanyo ea metsi a letsoai, tekanyo ea phalliso;
- ho boloka mocheso oa 'mele;
- ho fokotseha ha bothata ba lefu la cerebral ;
- phekolo ea matšoao ho latela litlhapiso tsa bongaka;
- thibelo ea mathata.
Bakuli le beng ka bona ba lokela ho ts'oara kalafo ea nako e telele, ba be le mamello, ba lumele ho folisa mme ba latele lits'ebeletso tsohle tsa bongaka, tse eketsang menyetla ea katleho. Maemong a mang, ho kenngoa mekhoa ea methapo ea phekolo ea meriana e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho tsosolosa likokoana-hloko, empa hangata ke feela phekolo e hlokahalang. Meriana ea lithethefatsi e kenyeletsa lihlopha tse latelang tsa lithethefatsi:
- li-antiplatelet agents (Aspirin);
- li-anticoagulants (Heparin, Warfarin);
- li-nootropic lithethefatsi (Cerebrolysin, Pyracetam);
- bahanyetsi ba khalsiamo (Nimotop, Akatinol);
- e bolela ho ntlafatsa lintho tsa mali (Reopoliglyukin, Pentoxifylline);
- lithethefatsi tse se nang pheko (lisinopril, Furosemide);
- ho imeloa kelellong (Fluoxetine, Amitriptyline);
- lithethefatsi tse fokolang lipilisi (rosuvastatin, simvastatin).
Bothata ba ho pholletsa le lefu lena - ho tsosolosoa
Bothata ba ho ferekanngoa ha masapo ho bakoang ke lisosa tse fapa-fapaneng ho hloka nako ea ho phomola nako e telele, nakong eo boholo ba mesebetsi ea boko bo lahlehileng e ka tsosolosoa. Ho tsosolosoa ka morao ho lefu lena ho kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:
- physiotherapy (parafine libaka tsa ho hlapela, electrostimulation, joalo-joalo);
- mekhoa ea boikoetliso ea meriana;
- ho silila;
- litloaelo tsa psychotherapeutic;
- mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa puo;
- ho koetlisoa ka mokhoa oa ho hopola (ho hopola litemana, lipapali tsa lipapali le likarolo tsa ho hopola);
- mekhoa ea boithabiso (ho batla ho itlosa bolutu, ho etela litšoantšong, lipontšo).