Maloetse a bolaoli

Matšoao a kotsi ke maloetse, ponahalo le nts'etso-pele ea eona e amanang le mathata a rarahaneng ka lisebelisoa tsa lefutso la lisele tse fetisetsoang ka li-gametes (lisele tsa tsoalo). Ho etsahala ha maloetse a joalo ho bakoa ke ho ferekanyana ha mekhoa ea ho boloka, ho rekisa le ho fetisetsa tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Lisosa tsa mafu a lefutso

Lipelo tsa mafu a sehlopha sena li bua ka phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Li ka fumanoa ho ngoana hang ka mor'a hore a hlahe, empa a ka hlaha ho motho e moholo ka mor'a nako e telele.

Ponahalo ea mafu a lefutso e ka amahanngoa feela ka mabaka a mararo:

1. Mathata a Chromosome. Ena ke ho phaella ha chromosome e eketsehileng kapa ho lahleheloa ke e 'ngoe ea tse 46.
2. Liphetoho sebopeho sa li-chromosome. Lefu le baka liphetoho likarolong tsa thobalano tsa batsoali.
3. Liphetoho tsa lefutso. Maloetse a hlaha ka lebaka la ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ka bobeli, le ka lebaka la ho ferekana ha liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Ho fetoloa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho boleloa hore ho na le lintho tseo motho a li futsitseng, empa ponahatso ea tsona e itšetlehile ka tšusumetso ea tikoloho e ka ntle. Ke ka lebaka leo lisosa tsa lefu lena le futsitsoeng, joaloka lefu la tsoekere kapa khatello ea meriana, ho phaella liphetohong, hape ke khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng, bothata ba nako e telele, botenya le khatello ea kelello.

Mefuta ea maloetse a futsanehileng

Lintlha tsa mafu a joalo li amana haholo le lisosa tsa ketsahalo ea tsona. Mefuta ea mafu a lefutso ke:

• mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso - hlahella ka lebaka la DNA tsenyo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso;
• maloetse a chromosomal - a amahanngoa le ho senyeha ho rarahaneng ha palo ea li-chromosomes kapa ka likhaello tsa bona;
• lefu le nang le lefats'e la lefutso.

Mekhoa ea ho khetholla mafu a lefutso

Bakeng sa phekolo ea boleng, ha hoa lekana ho tseba hore na ke mafu afe a batho ba futsitseng, ho hlokahala hore u ba khetholle ka nako kapa monyetla oa hore ba hlahe. Ho etsa sena, bo-rasaense ba sebelisa mekhoa e mengata:

1. Meloko. Ka thuso ea ho ithuta leloko la motho, hoa khoneha ho khetholla litšobotsi tsa lefa la matšoao a tloaelehileng le a matšoao a sebōpeho.
2. Mafahla. Tlhahlobo e joalo ea mafu a lefutso ke ho ithuta ho tšoana le ho fapana ha mafahla bakeng sa ho senola tšusumetso ea tikoloho le ho ba le bophelo bo botle ho nts'etsopele ea maloetse a fapaneng a liphatsa tsa lefutso.
3. Cytogenetic. Phuputso ea sebopeho sa li-chromosome ho bakuli le batho ba phetseng hantle.
4. Tsela ea likokoana-hloko. Ho ela hloko lintho tse ikhethang tsa metabolism ea motho .

Ho phaella moo, hoo e batlang e le basali bohle nakong ea bokhachane ba kenngoa ke ultrasound. E lumella motheong oa lesea hore le lemohe ho fokola ha lesea le qalang ho qala ka ho qeta habeli le ho belaella hore ngoana o na le maloetse a mangata a tsamaiso ea methapo kapa mafu a chromosomal.

Prophylaxis ea maloetse a futsanehileng

Ho sa tsoa feta, esita le bo-rasaense ba ne ba sa tsebe hore na ho na le menyetla efe ea ho phekola maloetse. Empa thuto ea pathogenesis ba lumelloa ho fumana mokhoa oa ho phekola mefuta e meng ea maloetse. Ka mohlala, litšitiso tsa pelo li ka phekoloa ka katleho ka ho buuoa kajeno.

Matšoao a mangata a lefutso, ka bomalimabe, ha a utloisisoe ka botlalo. Ka hona, lefapheng la kajeno la phekolo, bohlokoa ba bohlokoa bo fanoa ho thibelo ea maloetse.

Mekhoa ea ho thibela ho hlaha ha maloetse a joalo e kenyeletsa moralo oa ho ba le bana le ho lahleheloa ke ho ba le bana nakong ea kotsi e kholo ea lefu la congenital, ho felisoa ha bokhachane le monyetla o moholo oa lefu la fetalase, le ho lokisoa ha ponahalo ea mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso.