Ha re utloa ba bangata ba rona lentsoe "logistics" - hore na ke eng, ka ho hlaka hase bohle ba utloisisang. Lentsoe lena le hlile le lekanngoa haholo 'me le bolela polane ea lefats'e ea saense ea lipalangoang tse nepahetseng tsa lipalangoang, le ka mokhoa o sebetsang - seletsa sa mokhatlo o joalo.
Matšeliso - ke eng?
Lisebelisuoa ke tsebo e nepahetseng ea ho laola tlhahiso-leseling, boitsebiso le ho phalla ha batho, ka kutloisiso e patisaneng - ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le ho ntlafatsa nako ea ho fana ka thepa le lisebelisoa tsa batho. Khopolo ena e kenyelletsa mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa litsela tse nepahetseng tsa ho tsamaisa liphallo tse joalo. Mosebetsi oa lik'hamphani tsa khoebo, ho etsa likhoebo tsa khoebo ha ho khonehe haeba ba haelloa ke lisebelisuoa tse nang le tsebo le tse sebetsang - ke eng, ba hlalosa likarolo tse tharo tsa bohlokoa:
- Phallo ea boitsebiso - thepa, thepa e tala, likarolo. Li tlameha ho rekoa ka nako e loketseng 'me li fanoe hang-hang.
- Chelete ea lichelete - ho fumana chelete le ho tsamaisoa ha lichelete, ho latellana le ho falla ha chelete ena, ho hlahloba mosebetsi oa lefapha la lichelete.
- Phallo ea tlhahisoleseding - tsamaiso ea tlhahisoleseding e khampani, ka kgwebo. Basebeletsi ba tlameha ho fumana tlhahisoleseding mabapi le mosebetsi oa kgwebo ka nako.
Sebaka sa boitsebiso - ke mofuta ofe oa mosebetsi?
Logistician ke mosebetsi o hlophisitsoeng ho hlophisa thepa ea thepa e khethehileng ho tloha ntlha ea A ho isa ho B ka litšila tse fokolang le nako ea ho pepa le ho ela hloko lithahasello tsa moreki, mohlahisi, morekisi, bakhanni. Who logistician? Ka mantsoe a bonolo, ke motho ea ka fetisang sehlahisoa se nepahetseng ka nako le ka nako e fokolang le boiteko. Ke ka lekhetlo la pele feela mosebetsi ona o bonolo, ha e le hantle o hloka tsebo le bokhoni bo latelang:
- ho ela hloko;
- ho itokisetsa boikarabelo bo boholo;
- bokhoni ba ho nahana ka morero;
- ho ikemisetsa ho nka maeto a maeto le maeto a tloaelehileng a khoebo;
- botsoalle le mamello, lerato bakeng sa batho.
Mefuta ea logistics
Lintlha tsa mantlha tsa thepa ea thepa li phalla: boitsebiso le boitsebiso. Li ka aroloa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng:
- boitsebiso - bo lebisitsoe ho tsamaiso ea thepa: ho phalla ha lintho tse bonahalang;
- tlhahisoleseling - e laola ho phalla ha tlhahisoleseling, e ikemiseditse ho theha mananeo a puisano;
- tsa lichelete - k'hamphani ea tsamaiso ea chelete;
- basebeletsi - ho tsamaea ha batho, palo ea ho amohela le ho lelekoa ha basebetsi, ho hlahloba melao le mesebetsi ea basebetsi.
Hape hoa khoneha ho beha mekhahlelo tšebetsong ea khoebo. Kahoo, ho ea ka tšebetso e sebetsang, ho na le mefuta e mengata e ka sehloohong ea saense e botsitsoeng:
- lipalangoang (khetho ea mofuta oa lipalangoang tsa thepa, boikemisetso ba tsela ea ho tsamaea);
- mokoloko (ho tsamaea ha thepa e kholo);
- papatso (ho tsamaisoa ha thepa, nts'etsopele ea lisebeliso tsa ho aba);
- tlhahiso ea thepa (ho batla le ho hlahloba bafani ba thepa);
- tlhahisoleseding (ho fana ka phapanyetsano ea lipuisano le bo-mphato, ts'ebetso ea ho fetisa tlhahiso-leseling lefapheng la basebetsi);
- polokelo (tlhophiso ea ho kenya ts'ebetso ea mesebetsi ea polokelo, e kang ho laela, ho laolla, joalo-joalo);
- mekhoa (tsamaiso ea lihlahisoa tsa thepa e tsoang ka ntle-ntle).
Thepa ea thepa
Karolo ea saense e botsitsoeng, e sebetsanang le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ho pepa, e bitsoa ho tsamaisa. Lits'ebeletso tsa motheo tsa lipalangoang li ka emisoa ka mefuta e tšeletseng ea melao:
- khetho ea mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa lipalangoang;
- mokhoa oa lipalangoang;
- khetho ea sesebelisoa, likonteraka le balekane ba bang ba thepa;
- ho haha litsela tsa ho tsamaisa;
- ho kopana ha lipalangoang le mokhoa oa ho boloka boitsebiso;
- ho finyella kakaretso ea mekhahlelo ea mokhoa oa ho tsamaisoa ha thepa (ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, ho eketseha ka lebelo la lipalangoang).
Thepa ea thepa ea thepa
Karolo ea lipalangoang ke thepa ea thepa; ke eng e sebetsang ka katleho ea bokhoni ba marang-rang; ho hlophisoa ha lisebelisuoa tse tloaelehileng ntle le matlo a polokelo, moo morero oa sehlooho oa thepa ea thepa e bonahalang. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong mona ke mohopolo oa thepa, ke hore, tlhahiso e itseng ea tlhahiso, e nkiloeng e le ntho e sa bonahaleng. Ha li lata, li laolla, li falla, li sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsa thepa.
Thepa ea thepa ea thepa
Se boleloang ke thepa ea thepa ke ho netefatsa hore na ho tsamaisoa ha thepa e tala. Ha ho ntse ho etsoa tlhahiso ea k'hamphani ka thepa ea boitsebiso, ho hlokahala hore ho tsamaisoe lintho tse bonahalang ka mokhoa o nang le bokhoni: ho utloisisa hore, ke mang, tlas'a maemo afe, hore na ke bokae ho reka. Nakong ea thekiso ea thepa, mesebetsi e latelang e tlameha ho rarolloa:
- ho ikemisetsa tlhoko ea lisebelisoa, ho balloa ka tlhokahalo e joalo, ho thehoa ha boima, litekanyo tsa phumants'o;
- lipatlisiso tsa maraka a thekiso ea thekiso le ho khethoa ha mofani oa thepa e nepahetseng;
- puisano le thepa ea thepa;
- taolo ea ho tsamaisa.
Lisebelisoa tsa Boitsebiso
Khopolo ea logistics ke ho fokotsa mesebetsi ea moruo ea khoebo ka ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, empa mosebetsi oa leha e le ofe k'hamphani o ke ke oa khoneha ntle le bokhoni bo nepahetseng ba tsamaiso ea batho le ho fetisa tlhahiso-leseling. A logistician hase feela motho ea sebetsanang le phepelo le thekiso ea thepa, empa hape le mookameli ea nang le bokhoni. Mosebetsi oa hae o kenyelletsa phetiso ea melaetsa e tsamaeang nakong ea tsamaiso ea lihlahisoa, ho litho tsa sehlopha ts'ebetsong ea thepa le basebetsi ba khoebo.
Setsi sa polokelo ea matlo
Setsi sa polokelo ea matlo - ho laola matlotlo, mokhoa oa ho amohela boitsebiso ba polokelo, ka ho toba polokelo le ho tsamaisoa ha thepa bakeng sa thekiso e latelang. Har'a mesebetsi ea karoloana ena: mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa moruo oa polokelo, ho behoa ha thepa e behiloeng bakeng sa polokelo. Tshebetso ea ho sebetsa ka polokelo e ka aroloa likarolo tse tharo:
- tokisetso ea lihlahisoa tsa thepa, litlaleho tsa lihlahisoa tse joalo le taolo ea bona;
- ho sebetsa le ho bokella thepa, ho ngolisoa ha litokomane tse hlokehang, lipalangoang tsa polokelo ea matlo, ho boloka thepa;
- taelo ea ho khetha, ho tsamaisa thepa ho bareki, ho laola phethahatso e nepahetseng ea litaelo tsa bareki, tšebeletso ea bareki le polokelo.
Tlhaloso ea meetlo
Ho tsamaisoa ha thepa ea thepa ea thepa, ho tsoa linaheng tse ling le linaheng tse ling, ho bitsoa meetlo. Litsebi tsa litsebi-mekhoa ea meetlo li rarolla mesebetsi e latelang:
- tekanyo ea thepa;
- ho ngolisoa ha phatlalatso ea meetlo;
- ho hlahloba hore na thepa e tsamaisana joang, ho rarolla mathata a teng;
- lipalangoang tsa thepa;
- haeba ho hlokahala, kamorao ho tiiso;
- ho laola ho latela melao;
- hammoho le thepa ka mor'a mekhoa ea ho feta.
Mesebetsi ea boitsebiso
Mesebetsi ea ho sebetsa, ke eng bakeng sa mesebetsi - re tla tšohla ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane:
- Ho kopanya - ho thehoa ha mokhoa o le mong o kopanetsoeng oa thepa ea lipapatso. Ha ho le likarolo tse ling tsa tsamaiso ea lihlahisoa tse lokelang ho nkoa ka tsela e ikemetseng, kaofela ha tsona ke karolo ea mokhoa o le mong oa ho tsamaisoa ha thepa. Logist e kopanya mekhahlelo ea ho reka, ho hlahisa, ho rekisa ka mokhoa o le mong, o sa bonahaleng.
- Ho hlophisa - ho sebelisana le ho tsamaisana ha liketso pakeng tsa barupeluoa mosebetsing oa ho tsamaisoa ha thepa.
- Ho laola - ho netefatsa mokhoa oa ho tsamaisoa ha thepa. Matšeliso le tsamaiso ha li bonahale, tsamaiso eohle ea thepa kapa litšebeletso ke mokhoa oa ho laola mokhoa oa ho laola.
Libuka ka thepa ea lisebelisoa
Ho na le libuka tse ngata tse hlalosang likhopolo tsa motheo, mekhoa le melao-motheo ea lisebelisoa:
- "Tsamaiso ea Lisebelisuoa Litsing Tsa Tlhahiso" (2009) / Sterligova A.N. - mohlomong, e ntle ka ho fetisisa bukeng ea Russia mabapi le batsamaisi ba thepa.
- "Tsela ea ho hlophisa ntlo ea polokelo. Litlhahiso tse sebetsang tsa setsebi "(2008) / Taran S.A. - e 'ngoe ea lithuso tse molemo ka ho fetisisa, tse hlophisehileng le tse qaqileng.
- "Tsamaiso e atlehang ea tsamaiso ea boitsebiso" (2008) / Schreibfader J. - buka e thahasellisang e ngotsoeng, e nang le mehlala e mengata le lintlha tse thahasellisang mabapi le ho bolela.
- "Bokhoni ba tsamaiso ea polokelo ea matlo. Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le ho eketsa bokhoni "(2007) / Emmett S. - tataiso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea libuka.
- "Thepa ea thepa. Tsamaiso ea Chain Management "(2003) / Metsi D. ke e 'ngoe ea libuka tsa pele tsa naha.
- "Mesebetsi ea lipalangoang tsa machaba: kakaretso ea lipuo" (2008) / Zimovets A.V. - buka ea libuka tsa molao oa machaba le oa mekete.