Lefatšeng, ho na le batho ba ka bang limilione tse sekete ba nang le khatello e phahameng ea mali. E ka ba bokooa bo ikemetseng (lefu la sekhahla sa mokuli), le ponahalo ea lefu la setho (sekhahla se phahameng sa khatello ea kelello).
Lisosa tsa khatello ea meriana
Matšoao a latelang a ka qholotsa khatello ea mali:
- endocrine;
- renal;
- methapo ea pelo;
- Neurogenic (e nang le tšenyo ea CNS).
Lisosa tsa ho hlaha ha khatello ea meriana e ka ba lintlha tse joalo:
- mokhoa oa ho phela ka nako e khutšoanyane;
- atherosclerosis ;
- joala le ho tsuba;
- ho kenella ka letsoai;
- liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Ka molao, khatello e ka hodimo ho 140/70 mm Hg ho nkoa e phahame. Ho e fokotsa ho na le lithethefatsi tse 'maloa tse nang le lithibela-mafu.
Kemiso ea lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang
Lithethefatsi tsohle tsa antihypertensive li arotsoe likarolo tse 'nè.
Li-blockers
Tsena ke baemeli ba fetolang mosebetsi oa tsamaiso ea methapo. Tsena li akarelletsa lithethefatsi:
- Methyldopa;
- Clopheline;
- Reserpine;
- Octadine.
Ho phaella moo, sehlopha sena se kenyeletsa li-blockers tsa alphalion, alpha-adrenoreceptor blockers le beta-adrenoreceptor blockers. Phello ea lithethefatsi tsena e ikemiselitse ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea ho tsoa ha pelo le tonus ea mesifa, e leng se etsang hore ho fokotsoe khatello ea mali. Li sebelisetsoa ho fokotsa khatello ea khatello ea meriana e bakoang ke khatello ea kelello ea mali le ho kenngoa ka makhetlo a 5-6.
Vasodilators
E bolela, haholo-holo ketso ea lits'ebeletso, e reretsoeng ho hlahisa maikutlo. Tsena ke:
- Apressin;
- Nitroprusside ea sodium;
- Minoxidil;
- Diazoxide.
Lisebelisoa tse joalo li sebelisoa maemong a pelo e matla ea ho hlōleha le khatello e matla ea mali.
Diuretics
Lichelete tsena li laeloa ho hloekisa 'mele oa letsoai le metsi ka liphio. Ka ho fokotseha ha edema e bakoang ke khatello ea mali e eketsehileng ka lebaka la mathata a pelo ea methapo ea pelo, moroalo oa pelo o fokotseha. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo:
- Thiazide (Oxodolin, Saluretin, Hygroton);
- potassium-sparing (Amyloride, Spironolactor, Triamterene);
- loop (Bumetonid, Furosemide, Piretanid, Torasemide, ethacrynic acid).
Lithethefatsi tsena li ka sebelisoa kalafo e rarahaneng e reretsoeng ho theola khatello.
Lithethefatsi tse kopantsoeng le likokoana-hloko
Lithethefatsi tse joalo li ama tsamaiso ea renin-angiotensin. Tsena li kenyelletsa:
- litšoantšo tse entsoeng ka mahlahahlaha le bahanyetsi ba tlhōlisano ea angiotensin II (Saralazine);
- inhibitors ea enzyme e fetolelang angiotensin (Captopril).
Litokisetso tsa moloko o mocha
Lithethefatsi tse hlollang tsa moloko o mocha li kopantsoe litokisetso tsa khato e telele. Ba kopanya meriana e tsoang lihlopheng tse sa tšoaneng letlapeng le le leng. Meriana e joalo e nkiloe hanngoe ka letsatsi 'me e sebelisoa habonolo ho feta lithethefatsi tse khutšoanyane, tse bontšitsoeng ha tlhokomelo ea tšohanyetso e fanoa ka khatello e ntseng e eketseha. Lethathamo la lithethefatsi tse matlafetseng tsa moloko o mocha li ne li tlatsitsoe ka Moxonidine (physiotherosis) ea lithethefatsi. Meriana ena ha e fokotsehe ho ba bangata ba pelehi ba lekiloeng, empa e na le litla-morao tse fokolang 'me e mamelloa hantle ke' mele ntle le ho baka lithethefatsi.
Hape, lithethefatsi tse ling tsa moloko o mocha li ntse li etsoa litsing tsa kliniki - Aliskiren - inhibitor ea renin, hormone e laolang phapanyetsano ea metsi le electrolyte 'meleng.
Ka phekolo e nepahetseng e khethiloeng ke setsebi, ha hoa lokela ho latela melao e itseng bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng:
- Ho tsamaisa tsela e sebetsang ea bophelo.
- Fetela ho feta.
- Fokotsa ho sebelisoa ha letsoai le lijo tse potlakileng.
- Eketsa meroho ea hau e mecha le meroho ea selemo.
E bohlokoa haholo ho e sebelisa:
- chokeberry;
- motsoako;
- moro oa linate;
- fragole;
- tamati.
E tlameha ho hopoloa hore ho hlokomela bophelo bo botle ho lokela ho tlisetsa thabo le ho ba mokhoa o tloaelehileng bophelong.