Ho tloha likhoeling tse tharo, bana ba filoe DPT ka makhetlo a 'maloa. E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa eona ke li-microtal cell pertussis (ka bongata bo boholo). Ntle le tšoaetso, menyetla ea ngoana ea ho fumana likokoana-hloko tsena e eketsa haholo, joalo ka likotsi tsa ho ba le mathata a kotsi.
Pertussis - Lefu lena ke eng?
Lebitso la lefu lena le tsoa ho French "la coqueluche", lentsoe la onomatopoeic le bolelang ho hlaha ho lla kapa ho hoeletsa ha kana. Meriana, ho na le tlhaloso e hlakileng ea hore na ho khohlela ho hokae - lefu le tšoaetsanoang ka matla le ho feta, le hlahisoang ke libaktheria tse khethehileng. Lefu lena le khetholloa ke mokhoa oa catarrhal hammoho le litlhaselo tsa spasmodic tsa ho khohlela ho matla.
Ho hlahlela khohlela - Lisosa
Ho ruruha hona ho baka molamu oa gram-negative, o fetisoang habonolo ke marotholi a moea. Mookameli oa causative ea ho khohlela ho khohlela ke bacteria ea aerobic Bordetella pertussis. Ha e fapane le botsitso ba tikoloho, maemo a futhumetseng le a mongobo a molemo ka ho fetisisa bophelong ba lona, e leng se hlalosang nako ea ho kula (haholo-holo selemo le hoetla). Ke habohlokoa ho lemoha ho ba le mathata ka nako e loketseng ho bana, matšoao le phekolo ea ts'oaetso e bobebe ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea lefu lena. Ho seng joalo, mathata a tebileng a ka etsahala.
Pertussis - nako ea ho qeta nako
Kamora ho kopana haufi le motho ea kulang, ngoana ha a na matšoao a tšoaetso hang-hang. Pertussis ho bana ba pele e tsoela pele ka sekhukhu. Lik'hemik'hale li ntša lik'hemik'hale tsa phefumoloho, 'me nakong ea mosebetsi oa bohlokoa li lokolla chefo e bakang matšoao a itseng. Nako ea ho kopanya e ka ba matsatsi a 5-9, 'me ka seoelo e eketsa matsatsi a 20.
Ke eng e kotsi bakeng sa ho khohlela ho khohlela?
Ntle le phekolo ea nako e nepahetseng, lefu lena le hlalositsoeng le baka liphello tse tebileng. Haholo-holo ha a sa le lesea, ho khohlela ho hobe ho kotsi ho bana, matšoao le phekolo ho masea ho thata ho li hlahloba le ho li khetha. Har'a masea a likhoeli tse qalang tsa bophelo, ho na le monyetla o phahameng oa esita le phello e bolaeang. Ke eng e kotsi bakeng sa ho khohlela ha bana:
- pneumonia ;
- emisa ho hema;
- ho se tsotelle;
- ho se utloe;
- ho tepella;
- ho tšoaroa ke lefu la sethoathoa;
- ho oa ha matšoafo kapa lobe ea eona;
- tlhōlo ea leleme la leleme;
- ho roala khauta;
- emphysema;
- pneumothorax ka tlhaho;
- acidosis;
- paresis ea methapo e meholo;
- hernia (inguinal, umbilical);
- bronchiolitis le ba bang.
Matšoao a Qetelloang ke Ngoana
Setšoantšo sa kliniki hang kamora 'tšoaetso' me ha nako e ntse e e-ba teng, ha e eo. Matšoao a pele a ho khohlela ho koaloa a hlokomeloa ka mor'a matsatsi a 4-20 ho tloha nakong ea tšoaetso. Bohloko ba bona le chelete e itšetlehile ka maemo a tloaelehileng a ngoana le ts'ebetso ea sesole sa 'mele. Matšoao a tšoaetso ea lefu lena a tsamaisana le sethaleng sa tsoelo-pele ea oona.
Linako tsa Pertussis
Ho na le mehato e 3 e sebetsang ea ntshetsopele ea lefu lena le hlahisitsoeng. Matšoao le phekolo li itšetlehile ka nako ea tsoelo-pele ea ho khohlela ha bana. Maemong a mangata, matšoao a pele a ho kula ha batsoali a hlokomolohuoa. Ea pele, pertussis e tšoana le ARI kapa ARVI e tloaelehileng. Mehato ea ho ruruha ho tšoaetsanoang ha pampiri ea phefumoloho:
- Catarrhal (prodromal). Boemo ba bana boa khotsofatsa. Ho eketsa mocheso oa 'mele hanyenyane, ho na le malaise, ho tšoenyeha, ho sithabela ho robala. Ho na le khohlela e ommeng le serame se fokolang, hlooho ea hlooho ea nakoana.
- Spasmodic. Matšoao a mpefala, phekolo e tloaelehileng ha e thuse. Nakong ena ho khetholloa ke litlhaselo tsa khohlela e itseng. Bosiung ba ngoana o ikutloa a utloa bohloko molaleng, ho ikutloa e le tšabo, khatello ka sefubeng. Ho thothomela ha metsi ho matla haholo, ho fapana le ho hema ho matla le ho tepella ho matla. Nakong ea tlhaselo ea bana, sefahleho se ruruha, methapo ea molaleng e ruruha, methapo ea mali e hlaha mahlong, ho na le salivation le ho rohakana, ka linako tse ling letlalo le fetoha bluish-pale. Ka mor'a ho khohlela, ho na le sputum e nyenyane ea pepenene e hlahelletseng.
- Ho fumana (qeto). Ka phekolo e nepahetseng, bothata ba matšoao bo fokotsa butle-butle. Bana ba na le khaello e fokolang, empa bofokoli, ho halefa le ho khohlela ba teng ka nako e telele. Nako ea sethaleng sena ke libeke tse 2-8.
Ho koahela ka ho khohlela
Matla le sebōpeho sa pontšo ena ea lefu lena li itšetlehile ka nako ea nako ea eona. Ntlha ea pele, ho khohlela ho omileng ho tsamaea le ho khohlela ho bana, matšoao le kalafo hang-hang ba atisa ho hlokomolohuoa, hobane batsoali ba lemoha boloetse ba ngoana e le serame kapa hypothermia. Butle-butle, setšoantšo sa kliniki se ntse se eketseha. Lefu la ho khohlela ho hula moferefere ka likarolo tse latelang:
- letoto la likherelo tse khutšoanyane tse matla (metsotso e 2-15);
- ho ba teng ka nako e telele - phefumoloho e ferekanyang e tsamaisane le mololi;
- cyanotic sefahleho coloration, puffiness;
- nts'etsopele ea ho tsieleha;
- Ho phefumoloha ha nakoana ho emisa;
- ho ruruha ha methapo ea mali molaleng, sefahleho mahlong;
- ho tsoa ha sefate se teteaneng sefubeng qetellong ea tlhaselo;
- seso ka lerako la leleme;
- ho utloahala ha lentsoe;
- ho hlatsa.
Rash ka khohlela e hohelang
Ha ho na matšoao a letlalo a bonahalang kapa a tobileng ho lefu lena le hlalositsoeng. Ho thata haholo libakeng tse ling ho khetholla ho khohlela, matšoao a lesea ka linako tse ling a kenyeletsa ho phatloha ha mali. Hona ke ntlha e nyenyane ea mali, e bakoang ke ho phatloha ha capillaries ho sekhahla sa epidermal nakong ea tlhaselo ea ho khohlela. Butle-butle ba itokolla.
Ho lemoha ha pertussis
Ho na le litsela tse 'maloa tsa ho netefatsa tsoelo-pele ea lefu lena. Pele u lokela ho bona lingaka:
- setsebi;
- otolaryngologist;
- tšoaetso ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang.
Kamora ho buisana le anamnesis, litsebi li tla fetisetsa ngoana ho laboratori kapa lithuto tsa lihlopha. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho hlahlojoa ke ho hlahloba ho khohlela ho khohlela ho arola pathogen. E le lisebelisoa tsa thuto, smear ho tswa ho pharynx kapa expectorated sputum nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho khohlela e nkoa. Tlhahlobo ena e ka tšeptjoa feela libeke tsa pele tsa tsoelo-pele ea mafu. Khoeli ka mor'a tšoaetso, baktheria Bordetella pertussis e ke ke ea aroloa.
Ho phaella moo, mali bakeng sa pertussis a hlahlojoa ka litsela tse 'maloa:
- Tlhahlobo e akaretsang. Ho hlokahala hore ho khetholle matšoao a khale a ho ruruha 'meleng - litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa leukocyte le lymphocyte.
- Immunoenzyme analysis (ELISA). Tlhahlobo ea ho hlalosa, eo hang-hang e tiisang kapa e hanyetsa boteng ba ho khohlela.
- Mokhoa oa ho hlasela ka tsela e tobileng le e sa tobang (RPGA le RNGA). Li-antibodies ho moemeli oa boloetse ba lefu lena li senoloa.
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ho hlaolela libaktheria ka hare ho motsoako oa matsatsi a seng makae.
Pertussis - phekolo
Phekolo ea meriana e hlokahala feela ka mofuta o boima le o matla oa lefu lena, ho tšoaetsa masea. Kalafo e tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho khohlela ha bana ho etsoa lapeng ka litlhahiso tse latelang:
- Ho arola ngoana ho fihlela o tšoaetsoa.
- Ho hloekisa letsatsi ka leng kamoreng ea ngoana.
- Boloka mocheso o phahameng le mocheso oa motlakase ho 18-20 likhato.
- Ho lla hangata, ho netefatsa moea oa moea.
- Meroalo e itekanetseng ea 'mele le ea kelello.
- Lijo tse bonolo tse nang le k'halori e lekaneng ea li-vithamine le liminerale. Ke tse lakatsehang ho lijo tse hloekileng, li fane ka mofuthu feela.
- Lijo tse ngata.
- Ho tsamaea lihora tse 1-2 ka hare ho 1-2 ka linako tse ling (haeba ngoana e se mohloli oa tšoaetso).
Ho kopa ho khohlela - ke eng seo u ka se etsang ha u hlaseloa?
Haeba lefu lena le matha ntle le mathata, ha ho hlokahale hore ho nkoe liketso tse khethehileng.
Litsela tse bonolo tsa ho fokotsa khohlela ka ho khohlela
- Eketsa mongobo ka kamoreng.
- Tlisa ngoana ho phomola.
- Jala ngoana 'me u e chechisetse pele.
- Tlosa ka morao ho nolofalletsa ho tsoa ha seoa.
- Sebelisa compress e batang sebakeng sa nko.
Ha ho e-na le matšoao a khaello ea oksijene, ho tsieleha, u tlameha ho bitsa sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea meriana hang-hang. Litsebi li sebelisa mekhoa e matla haholoanyane, mokhoa oa ho phekola ho khohlela ho hoholo ho bana:
- phepo ea mafura a maiketsetso;
- liente tse phahameng tsa tekanyo ea livithamine B1, B6 le C;
- tsamaiso e tsitsitseng ea Seduxen.
Meriana le pertussis
Meriana ea lithethefatsi e ka khethoa 'me ea khethoa feela ke ngaka ho ea ka sethaleng sa tsoelo-pele ea mafu, e boima haholo. Phekolo ea li-pertussis ho bana ba nang le lithibela-mafu e etsoa feela nakong ea catarrhal. Hamorao, likokoana-hloko-likokoana-hloko li itšireletsa ka ntle ho 'mele ka thuso ea ho khohlela le ho arohana ha sekoti. Mahlaseli a likokoana-hloko a sebelisitsoeng:
- Flemoxin ;
- Ampicillin;
- Erythromycin;
- Augmentin;
- E kentse letsoho ;
- Gentamycin le ba bang.
Mekhoa e meng ea litsebi tsa phekolo, mokhoa oa ho phekola ho khohlela, ho fana ka tlhahiso ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse latelang feela bakeng sa ngaka ea ngaka:
- li-antitussives (Kodelak, Sinekod );
- Li-neuroleptics (Propazine, Aminazine);
- benzodiazepines (tizanidine, baclofen);
- antihistamine meriana (Suprastin, Pipolphen);
- li-horticone tsa corticosteroid (Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone).
Physiotherapy e boetse e thusa ho felisa ho khohlela ha bana, matšoao le phekolo li tsamaisoa ke:
- oksijene inhalation;
- ho silila ka morao le sefubeng, e leng ho ntlafatsang li-expectoration;
- li-gymnastics tsa ho hema;
- nebulizer e inhalitsoeng .
Ho kopa ho khohlela - mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ho bana
Mefuta eohle e meng ea phekolo e ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-mucus, ho tlosa likokoana-hloko tse tsoang 'meleng. Tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea ho khohlela e hlahisang liphello tse latelang tse ntle:
- ho tlosoa li-spasms tsa pampiri ea ho hema le lithapo tsa lentsoe;
- ntlafatso ea phefumoloho;
- ho fokotsa matšoao a lefu lena;
- tloaelo ea mocheso oa 'mele;
- ho phunya ha mokhoa oa ho ruruha.
Khohlela ea setlama bakeng sa ho khohlela ha bana
Lijo :
- motso oa elecampane ke 100 g;
- litholoana tsa coriander - 100 g;
- monokotsoai le makhapetla a poone - 100 g;
- Tsela ea St. John's - 100 g;
- lipalesa tsa calendula - 100 g;
- ema letheka - 100 g;
- makhasi a eucalyptus - 100 g;
- Peppermint - 100 g;
- metsi a belang - 500 ml.
Tokisetso, kopo
- Kopanya lisebelisoa tsohle.
- Kenya ka thermos 2 tbsp. likhaba tsa pokello.
- Ba tšollele ka metsi a phehang.
- Tsitlella lihora tse 8-10, u ka tsamaea bosiu.
- Qoba tharollo.
- Fa ngoana karolo ea boraro ea khalase ea khalase 3-4 linako tse ling ka letsatsi.
Noa ho tšoara pertussis
Lijo :
- lebese - 1 khalase;
- konofolo - 5 lijana;
- mahe a linotsi - 0,5 tsp.
Tokisetso, kopo
- Peel konofolo, khaola likotoana tse nyane.
- Pheha ka lebese metsotso e 3-5 (ka mocheso o tlaase).
- Qoba seno, monate ka mahe a linotši.
- Fa ngoana karolo e nyane motšehare.
Meroho ea meroho ho tloha matšoao a ho khohlela ho khohlela ho bana
Lijo :
- makhasi a semela - 1 tbsp. khaba;
- metsi - khalase e le 'ngoe;
- jeme ea cherry - ho latsoa.
Tokisetso, kopo
- Tšela joang bo phehiloeng bo qhibilihileng joang bo lema plantain.
- Tsitlella lihora tse 2.
- Qoba meriana.
- Etsa monate ka jeme (u ka khetha).
- Bana ba fana ka 1 tbsp. khaba ea pheko ea metsotso e 20 pele ho lijo, ka makhetlo a 4 ka letsatsi.
Prophylaxis ea pertussis
Tsela feela e sebetsang ea ho thibela tšoaetso ke ho entoa ka nako e nepahetseng. Meriana e tloaelehileng khahlanong le ho khohlela ho hoholo ke DTP . Ntle le lefu lena, e sebetsa e le ho thibela lefu la diphtheria le tetanase. Kojo ea pele e etsoa ka likhoeli tse 3. Revaccination e na le mekhoa e meng e mabeli, nako e pakeng tsa liente ke libeke tse 6. O ka nkela DPT sebaka ka lithethefatsi tse ling:
- Tetrakok;
- Infanriks;
- Triazeliuvaks;
- Pentaxim;
- Tetraksim.