Malignant ke sesepa 'meleng, e leng se bakang kotsing hang-hang bophelong ba motho. Boloetse bona bo khetholloa ke ho bonahala ha lisele tse arohanang kamehla, tse khonang ho senya lik'hemik'hale tse haufi. Ho phaella moo, ha nako e ntse e feta, foci ea bobeli e atisa ho hlaha likarolong tse hōle. Qalong, kholo ea hlahala ke mokhoa o patiloeng sebakeng seo, kahoo batho ba bangata hangata ha ba nahane hore ke bothata.
Matšoao le matšoao a hlahala e bohloko
Ho itšetlehile ka sebaka sa hlahala ho na le matšoao a sa tšoaneng. Hangata, ho utloa bohloko ho hlahelang ho hlaha mekhahlelo ea morao feela. Ho na le matšoao a 'maloa a mabeli a boteng ba mmele' meleng:
- matšoao a sebaka seo (ho tiisa ka tlas'a letlalo, ho tsoa mali, ho ruruha, jaundice);
- kakaretso (ho lahleheloa ke boima ba 'mele le takatso ea lijo, mokhathala o matla, hyperhidrosis, phokolo ea mali);
- matšoao a metastases (ho ruruha ha lymph nodes, ho khohlela, bohloko ba masapo, sebete se atolohileng).
Mefuta le likarolo tsa lihlahala tse bohloko
Li-tumor li fapana ho itšetlehile ka lisele tse tsoang ho tsona:
- Melanoma e tsoa ho melanocyte;
- carcinoma e thehoa ho tloha lisele tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso (tse nkoang e le sefuba se kotsi ka ho fetisisa);
- Lefuemia e hlaha ka lebaka la sekoli masapo;
- sarcoma ke lefu le jalang masapong, mesifa le mahlaseli a tloaelehileng;
- Lymphoma e tsoa mefuteng e fetotsoeng ea lymphatic;
- Teratoma e hlaha ka lisele tsa mahe a emmou;
- Glioma ke kgolo e ntseng e eketseha ea liphatsa tsa lefutso;
- Choriocarcinoma e atisa ho tloha lisele tse nang le mokoetla.
Sethala sa lefu lena se khethoa ke setsebi, se itšetlehileng ka litlhahlobo tsa pele tsa mokuli. Ho na le tse 'nè tsa tsona,' me li hlalosoa ka lipalo tsa Roma:
- Ke-sehlahala ha se na boholo ba lisenthimithara tse peli, lymph nodes e haufi e tiile;
- II - neoplasme ea mohala e fetang lentimitha tse peli, metastasis lymph nodes;
- III - hlahala ha e sebetse, metastase e hlaha lithong tsa lymph tse haufi;
- IV - boholo leha e le bofe ba neoplasm, litho tse haufi li hlaseloa, li-secci tse ling li bonahala likarolong tse hōle tsa 'mele.
Ho lemoha maloetse a kotsi
E le ho tseba hore na lefu lena le teng hokae, le mekhoa e fapaneng ea laboratori le ea litsebe e sebelisoa:
- teko ea mali;
- Litšoantšo tsa mahlaseli le li-fluoroscopy;
- MRI;
- laparoscopy;
- k'homphieutha le positron tlhahiso ea tomography;
- dermotoscopy;
- biopsy;
- thermography .
Kalafo ea lithethefatsi tse bohloko
Ho na le mekhoa e 'maloa ea motheo ea ho sebetsana ka katleho le lefu lena:
- Phekolo ea mahlaseli - 'mele o pepesehetse sefubeng se tsamaisoang ke mahlaseli a kotsi, e leng se lebisang ho fokotseha ha khōlo ea' mele.
- Chemotherapy - ka thuso ea motho ea fokolang motho o fuoa lithethefatsi tse khethehileng tse ka susumetsang DNA ea lisele tse nang le lisele, ho liehisa khōlo ea tsona kapa ho li bolaea ka ho feletseng.
- Immunotherapy - ente e entsoe ka litokisetso tsa interferon.
- Tšebetso ea ho buoa - ho tlosoa hlahala e kotsi, eo maemong a mangata e lebisang ho hlaphoheloa.
- Hormonotherapy. Mokhoa ona o itšetlehile ka tšusumetso ea lihomone tse itseng ho nts'etsopele ea botlalo.
- Cryotherapy - phello ea hlahala e nang le naetrojene ea metsi. Ka lebaka leo, ka hare ho lisele tse bolaeang ho na le bothata ba ts'oaetso. Ho feta moo, likristale tsa leqhoa li na le phello e senyang.
- Therapy Photodynamic . Mokhoa ona o itšetlehile ka tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa photosensitizing tse bokellang ka hloko lihlahisoa tse kotsi. Joale ho kula ho na le moeli o khethehileng. Ka lebaka leo, ho thehoa palo e kholo ea radicals e senyang lisele tsa mahlaseli.