Li-analgesics tse nang le lithethefatsi

Li-analgesics ke sehlopha sa meriana e khonang ho fokolisa kapa ho felisa boikutlo ba bohloko. Ka tlhaho ea bona, liphello tsa meriana le liphello tsa 'mele, li-analgesics li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli: lithethefatsi le li se nang lithethefatsi.

Lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi tse se nang lithethefatsi

Lithethefatsi tse seng tsa lithethefatsi li kenyelletsa:

1. Litokisetso tse thehiloeng ho salicylic acid: aspirin, salicylate ea sodium.
2. Litokisetso tse thehiloeng pyrazolone: ​​analgin, amidopyrine, butadione.
3. Litokisetso tse thehiloeng ho aniline: paracetamol, panadol, phenacetin.
4. Litokisetso tse thehiloeng ho alkanoic acid: diclofenac sodium, brufen.
5. Tse ling: natrofen, piroxicam, dimexide, chlorotazole.

Lithethefatsi tse tahang:

1. Tincture le ho ntša opium.
2. Li-alkaloids tsa opium: litokisetso tse nang le morphine le codeine.
3. Litšoantšo tse ling tsa morphine: ethylmorphine, hydrocodone, joalo-joalo.
4. Li-synthetic substitutes tsa morphine: estocin, butorphanol, buprenorphine, methadone, sufentanil, alfentanil, oxymorphone, levorphanol, propoxyphene, nalbuphine, nalorphine, fentanyl, promedol, tramadol, tramal.

Pharmacology ea li-analgesics tsa lithethefatsi

Bongata ba li-analgesics tsena ke li-derivatives, synthetic kapa semi-synthetic analogues tsa morphine. Ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho, ke li-agonists kapa li-antagonist tsa opioid (bohloko) bo amohelang.

1. Agonists: morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, levorphanol, oxycodone.
2. Ma-agonists a sa tšoaneng: codeine, hydrocodone, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate.
3. Likhohlano tsa li-agonists: buprenorphine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, pentazocine, nalorphine (litokisetso tse tsoakiloeng ke li-agonists kapa li-agonists tsa mofuta o le mong oa batho ba amohelehang le bahanyetsi ho ba bang, e leng ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho tepella maikutlo, matšoafo a mala le litla-morao tse ling).
4. Likhohlano: naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene.

Sehlopha sa ho qetela lethathamong ha se bolele lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi, empa ke bahanyetsi ba bona ba nang le thepa e thibelang phello ea li-analgesics tsa lithethefatsi. Li sebelisetsoa ho fetella lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi ho fokotsa liphello tsa tsona.

Liphello 'meleng

Bakeng sa li-analgesics tsa lithethefatsi, litša tse latelang ke tse latelang:

1. Tšusumetso e matla, e lumellang hore e sebelisetsoe likotsi le maloetse a tsamaeang le bohloko bo tebileng.
2. Ho susumetsa tsamaiso ea methapo ea mantlha, e bonahatsoa ka thabo e matla, 'me e baka ho itšetleha kelellong le' meleng ka kamohelo e telele.
3. Ho hlaha ha lefu la boithati ho batho ba nang le ts'ehetso e tsoetseng pele.

Litšebelisano tsa meriana tse joalo, ho phaella ho li-analgesic effect, li otsela, ho tepella maikutlo le ho khohlela, ho matlafatsa molumo oa senya le mala. Li ka boela tsa baka moferefere, ho hlatsa, phapang methapo ea methapo ea mantlha (litloaelo) le litla-morao tse ling.

Mokhoa oa ketso

Lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha sena li na le tšusumetso ho karolo ea karolo ea boko, e ikarabellang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea maikutlo, e ferekanyang tlhahlobo ea maikutlo le kelellong ea bohloko, e sitisa tšabo e bakoang ke eona. Ho eketsa tlhahiso ea endorphins, e leng li-agonists tse utloisang bohloko (e leng, li ba hatelle), e leng se lebisang ho thibela le ho fokotsa bohloko. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea lithethefatsi, litsi tsa menyaka le thabo li ts'oaroa bokong, boikutlo bo bobebe, sesole, thabo bo bōptjoa, e leng se lebisang ho hlahella ha kelello ho itšetleha.