Boloetse ba serame bo boemong ba 'mele, e leng e' ngoe ea mefuta ea phekolo e fokolang. E hlaha ho batho ba bang ka mor'a ho kenyelletsa 'meleng ka parenterally (ka tsela e nepahetseng) mofuta o itseng oa lithethefatsi - lisebelisoa tsa' mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung - e nang le morero oa phekolo kapa oa phekolo.
Lisosa tsa boloetse ba serum
Hangata boloetse ba serum bo hlaha tabeng ea ho kenyelletsa li-sera tsa heterologous. Tsena ke litokisetso tsa likokoana-hloko tse fumanoang maling a liphoofolo tse koetlisitsoeng ka mofuta o itseng oa li-antigen, 'me li na le li-antibodies tse hlahisitsoeng tse tšoanang le li-antigen tsena. Lithethefatsi tse joalo li sebelisoa khahlanong le maloetse a kotsi a tšoaetsanoang le a chefo: tetanus, botulism, diphtheria, likokoana-hloko tsa khase, encephalitis, leptospirosis, anthrax, joalo-joalo. Hape li sebelisoa ke litokisetso tsa seramu khahlanong le ho longoa ha linoha tse chefo.
Hangata ha ho joalo, karabo ea hau e bakoa ke ho tšeloa mali kapa mali a mali, insulin le lihlahisoa tsa sebete, lithibela-mafu (penicillin, streptomycin, sulfanilamides, cephalosporins, joalo-joalo) esita le ho longoa ke likokoanyana (boholo ba Hymenoptera). Kotsi ea ho hlaphoheloa ke mafu e eketseha haeba ho ne ho e-na le likarabo tsa pejana ho kenyelletsoa ha lithethefatsi tsa serum, le haeba ho na le kutloisiso e eketsehileng ho liprotheine tsa epidermal tsa liphoofolo. Ka tsoelo-pele ea tšebetso ea boloetse ba serum e hlokomeloa khafetsa ho feta ka ts'oaetso.
Boloetse ba serame ke mokhoa oa tsoelo-pele
Kaha ho kula ha serumine ho sa amohelehe, mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ameha molemong oa eona. Ha lithethefatsi le liprotheine tsa linaheng tse ling li hlahisoa, li-antibodies tse kenang sebopeho sa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung li hlahisoa. Ka ho potoloha nako e telele 'meleng, mehaho ena e kenngoa maboteng a li-capillaries tsa lisele tse fapa-fapaneng (lymph nodes, letlalo, liphio, pelo, joalo-joalo), ho etsa hore tlhahiso le ho hlahisa likarolo tse sireletsang - leukocyte, histamine, serotonin, joalo-joalo. Ka lebaka leo, lisele.
Boloetse ba serame - matšoao
Nakong ea phallo, boloetse bo matla ba serum, bo bobebe le nako e telele. Haeba serum e tsejoa ka lekhetlo la pele, lefu lena le hlahisa hoo e ka bang ka letsatsi la bosupa, empa ka nako e 'ngoe nako ea ho tsubella e nka nako e telele ho matsatsi a 12-20. Maemong ao phepelo ea protheine e sebelisitsoeng khafetsa, karolo ea morao ea lefu lena e fokotsehile ho fihlela ho matsatsi a 1-6. Lefu lena le ka hlaha ka mefuta e bonolo, e itekanetseng le e matla.
Litšobotsi tsa palo ea mafu ke:
- khubelu ea letlalo;
- ho phatloha ha letlalo, pele ho hlaha sethaleng sa injection le ho hasana ho pholletsa le 'mele (e tšoanang le ponahalo ea urticaria , hangata e sekareleta ea mala, eerythematous);
- letlalo la letlalo le nang le matla a sa tšoaneng, hangata a amanang le bothata ba lefu lena;
- feberu, feberu;
- bofokoli;
- hlooho;
- lymph nodes e atolositsoeng;
- bohloko ba mesifa;
- ho utloa bohloko ka nakoana ho manonyeletso;
- bohloko ka mpeng le liphio;
- ho senyeha ha lijo;
- boikhohomoso (haholo-holo setsing se entsoeng ka ente, mahlong, melomo, lipheletsong);
- lipillo tsa pelo;
- phefumoloho e khutšoanyane;
- ho fokotsa khatello ea mali;
- ho tepella .
Boloetse ba serame - ho hlahlojoa
E le hore ho be le ho hlahloba ka ho nepahetseng "lefu la serum", ho hlahlojoa ha limela ho lokela ho etsoa ka ho bokella anamnesis (e neng e etelle pele ho nts'etsopele ea mafu), laboratori le lithuto tsa hae tse hlahisang liphello tse ka tšeptjoang. Ho ea ka matšoao, lefu lena le ka tšoana le nodular periarteritis, feberu e matla haholo, maselese, malapa a sekareleta le maloetse a mang a tšoaetsanoang, ao boloetse ba seramu bo lokelang ho khetholloa ho bona. Ka linako tse ling, li-ultrasound le radiology li etsoa.
Lintlha tse latelang tsa patlisiso tse tšehetsang ho hlahlojoa li nkoa:
- fokotsa kapa ho eketsa lenane la likocyte;
- eosinophilia ;
- ho eketseha ha tekanyo ea serythrocyte sedimentation;
- ho eketsa likarolo tsa cryoglobulins maling;
- ho ba teng ha protheine le erythrocyte meleng;
- ho ba teng ha lisele tsa mali tsa mali maling a smear;
- ho ruruha ha lijana, ho bonahala ka botlalo ba letlalo, joalo-joalo.
Boloetse ba serame - phekolo
Ha ho netefatsa hore "lefu la serum" le fumanoa, matšoao le phekolo li kopantsoe ka tsela e ke keng ea latoloa: ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa pontšo le boima ba lits'ebetso, molao oa kalafo o laetsoe. Bakuli ba nang le mafu a bonolo, ntle le mathata, ba ka phekoloa ka ntle ho lefu. Ho kenyeletsoa malapeng ho hlokahala maemong a maholo, ho ba le lefu la pelo le tsamaiso ea methapo ea bothata, ho ba le bothata bo tebileng ba ho kula, botsoako bo hlakileng, bongoana le botsofali.
Boloetse ba serame ke tšohanyetso
Haeba ts'oaetso ea anaphylactic e etsahala, boloetse ba serum bo tlas'a phekolo e potlakileng, hobane tšoso ho bophelo e bōpiloe. Tabeng ena, setšoantšo sa kliniki se khetholloa ka tsela e mabifi, e matla haholo: ho na le bofokoli bo bobe, ho phefumoloha ka thata, ho theoha ho matla khatellong ea mali, tahlehelo ea kelello. Ho bohlokoa ho potlakela ho letsetsa ambulense kapa ho isa mokuli setsing se haufi le tsa bongaka, moo a tla kenngoa teng ka adrenaline. Pele ho fihla lingaka, ho hlokahala:
- Beha mokuli sebakeng se bataletseng, a phahamise maoto a hae mme a retelehele hloohong.
- Fana ka moea o hloekileng.
- Etsa kopo ea li-tourniquet ka holim'a sebaka sa ente 'me u sebelise serame sebakeng sena.
- Ha ho se na phefumoloho le ho fofa, tsamaisa ho silila ha pelo e sa tobang, phefumoloho ea maiketsetso.
Matšoao a serame - lits'ebeletso tsa kliniki
Maemong a bobebe, boloetse ba serum boa feta ka matsatsi a 'maloa, esita le ntle le phekolo. Ho fokotsa maemo le ho hlaphoheloa ka potlako, lihlopha tse latelang tsa lithethefatsi li laeloa:
- mekhoa e khahlanong le li-antipruritic (mohlala, e thehiloeng ho menthol);
- antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, Dimedrol);
- litokisetso tsa khalsiamo;
- lithethefatsi ho matlafatsa marako a maqhubu (Ascorutin).
Maemong a boima haholo, ho phaella ho tse ka holimo, lithethefatsi tsa serum tsa phekolo li kenyeletsa tse latelang:
- corticosteroids (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone
- li-anti-inflammatory tse se nang steroidal (Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, Analgin);
- diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide), joalo-joalo.
Boloetse ba serame - mathata
Matšoao a boloetse ba serum, ho phaella ho anaphylaxis, a ka ba boima haholo ke mafu a mang a atisang ho etsahala ka nako e telele ea ho ba teng ha phekolo. Re thathamisa mathata a ka 'nang a hlaha:
- neuritis;
- myocarditis;
- synovitis;
- ho kenngoa ha liphatsa tse nyenyane;
- glomerulonephritis;
- hepatitis;
- necrosis ea letlalo le mahlaseli a tlas'a mokokotlo.
Boloetse ba serame - thibelo
Mehato e ka sehloohong ho latela thibelo ea boloetse ba serum ke:
- tšebeliso ea litokisetso ka tekanyo e phahameng ea tlhoekiso;
- ho kenngoa ha li-sera tsa phoofolo ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tse thata, haeba ho khoneha ho e nkela sebaka sa gamma globulin;
- tlhokomelo e khethehileng ha ho kenyelletsa li-serum ho batho ba seng ba ntse ba e-na le liphello tsa khatello;
- ho etsa liteko tsa letlalo pele ho liente;
- ho kenngoa ha lirapa tse hlatsoitsoeng kapa tšebeliso ea merero e tobileng ea ente.