Pathology, e leng e 'ngoe ea kotsi le e thata ho phekola pulmonological e bolela, ha e felle ka pneumonia, abscess kapa gangrene ea matšoafo. Ke mokhoa oa timetso le lefu la parenchyma ea litho tsa phefumoloho le ho thehoa ha foci e kholo, e atisang ho hasana ho metsoako e phetseng hantle.
Lisosa le matšoao a sefubelu sa matšoafo
Sehlahisoa se ka sehloohong sa causative agent ea ts'ebetso e senyang le e kenyang metsoako ke likokoana-hloko tsa anaerobic tsa mefuta e mengata:
- haemophilus influenzae;
- Staphylococcus aureus;
- enterobacteria;
- pneumococcus;
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- Klebsiella ;
- fusobacteria le lintho tse ling tse phelang.
Ho kenella ka matšoafong, likokoana-hloko tse thathamisitsoeng li ka sebelisoa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, tse latelang:
- mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa ka metso ka molomo oa molomo le nasopharynx;
- maloetse a tsamaiso ea lijo;
- ho hoholo ho hoholo;
- ho chefo ka joala, lithethefatsi, lintho tse chefo;
- ho ruruha ha libaka sebakeng seo.
Gangrene e tsamaisana le matšoao a matla:
- bofokoli bo matla;
- mocheso (mocheso o fihla likarolong tse 40);
- ho tsuba le ho fufuleloa;
- boima ba 'mele bo theohile;
- bohloko bofubeng;
- ho senyeha ha takatso ea lijo;
- ho hlobaela;
- hlooho;
- lebala la letlalo;
- phefumoloho e khutšoanyane;
- tlhahiso ea sekhooa le monko oa putrefactive.
Li-x-rays tse nang le likoboana tsa matšoafo, mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ho fifala. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea ho hlahlojoa, computed tomography, bronchoscopy, tlhahlobo ea likokoanyana le liteko tsa mali li sebelisoa.
Kalafo ea likoboana tsa matšoafo
Phekolo ea lefu lena ke ea meriana ebile e buuoa.
Kalafo e tsitsitseng haholo e kenyelletsa:
- tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu (bonyane 2);
- ho senya 'mele;
- tloaelo ea homeostasis le motlakase oa electrolyte.
Ha e le molao, phekolo e hlokahalang ea phekolo e finyelloa ke tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere. Ho khethoa leha e le efe ho etsoa ke setsebi sa pulmonologist hammoho le ngaka e buoang ka mor'a lefuba ka mor'a hore e khetholle mahlaseli a likokoana-hloko, hammoho le ho utloisisa likokoana-hloko tse sa tšoaneng.
Maemong a mang, ho buuoa ho hlokahala. E 'ngoe ea khetho ea ho buoa e khethiloe:
- bilobectomy;
- pneumotomy;
- ho lobectomy;
- pneumonectomy.
Thibelo ea likokoana-hloko tsa matšoafo
Ho thibela liphetoho tsena tsamaisong ea ho hema ke mosebetsi o boima. Bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea eona, ke habohlokoa:
- Ho phahamisa maemo a bophelo.
- Lahla mekhoa eohle e mebe.
- Ha nako e ntse e ea, tšoara maloetse leha e le afe a septic.
- Etsa li -ra-ray tsa matšoafo kamehla.